Unknown Paper

The target of these â€Å"unknown† tests was to take a blended culture, which contains two obscure species, and distinguish those species through a progression of tests. The gathering was educated that one animal varieties regarding microscopic organisms would be a gram-negative bacillus and the other would be a gram positive coccus. The tests to be directed run from streak plate confinement to biochemical tests. Each test to be led was talked about and settled upon by all gathering individuals. The consequences of each test were dissected by the gathering and prompted choice of the following test that would additionally limit the conceivable personality of the obscure species.On September 16, 2010, our gathering was given a blended culture wherein we were to distinguish two life forms inside the blend, by running a few biochemical tests. On this day our goal was to set up the example of the blended culture into discrete provinces. Every individual from our gathering at that p oint led a streak plate and we would later pick the best plate of detached states. To play out a streak plate, aseptic procedure was required. We had our blended culture as a stock in this manner our vaccinating instrument would be a loop.We likewise required our agar plates each set apart into four quadrants and a Bunsen burner. We at that point continued to move the blended culture to the plates aseptically. In anticipation of the exchange of the blend culture to a plate we set the container of stock in our non-prevailing hand. The circle was sanitized by setting it into the fire of the Bunsen burner until the whole wire got scorching, â€Å"red is dead†. The cylinder was uncapped confronting the top descending alongside the vaccinated circle in the predominant hand.We then went the cylinder through the fire of the Bunsen burner quickly to consume off any pollutes that might be available at the opening of the cylinder. The immunized circle was then embedded into the stock o f the blended culture to acquire the life forms to be moved to the plate. The cylinder was then passed however the Bunsen burner once more, topped, and set aside. With the sanitized circle containing the life form we continued to move the life form to the plate of quadrant I in a crisscross development. We then re-flared the circle till red and cooled the instrument to the side of quadrant II.Then from quadrant I we made four lines crossing into quadrant II. We re-blazed the circle till red and afterward cooled the instrument again to the side of quadrant III. From quadrant II we made four lines crossing into quadrant III. From quadrant III we kept creation four additional lines crossing into quadrant IV. We vaccinated our circle again, liberating the instrument of any living being by re-blazing till red. When we each finished a streak plate, the plates where taped and set apart with the date, initials, and gathering number. On September 23, 2010, we acquired our plates produced usi ng September 16.We recognized discrete states into two life forms that we named yellow and beige. The yellow life form was a conspicuous yellow pigmentation, moderate in size, whole, roundabout, raised state and the beige was a grayish pigmentation, little, whole, roundabout, umbonate settlement. We next picked the best agent province of every living being to be move to a supplement agar incline. Again we aseptically moved the living beings, yellow and beige, into singular agar inclines. Our instrument that we utilized was a circle alongside two inclination tubes and a Bunsen burner.With our chose plate prepared and accessible, the inclination at all ruled hand, we immunized the circle till red, uncapped the cylinder, flared the cylinders, acquired the yellow creature from the plate, and moved it to the inclination in a crisscross movement. We then re-flared the cylinder, topped the test tube, and blazed the circle. At that point we continued with similar methods for the beige livin g being. The reason for moving the creatures was to assess the wealth of development, pigmentation, optical attributes, structure (not applied because of the utilization of a crisscross rather then a straight line), and consistency.On October 7, 2010 our third day of our Unknown’s venture we directed a Gram stain system. From last week’s test, we accomplished unadulterated social attributes from the two inclinations we made. The development we saw on the agar incline that contained the yellow example was a delicate, smooth, yellow development. The development we saw on the beige example was a flimsy, even, beige development. Both social attributes were accomplished in the suitable classes. The classes we were searching for contained bounty of development, pigmentation, optical qualities, and consistency.Today we will get ready two bacterial smears from every example and Gram recoloring them. The explanation we are leading this test is to separate between two guideline gatherings, gram positive and gram negative and to additionally know whether an unadulterated culture from the two living beings was accomplished. This is significant for characterization and separation of microorganisms. The Gram stain response will assist us with differentiating of the compound sythesis of bacterial cell dividers. The Gram stain method utilizes four distinct reagents, for example, precious stone violet, gram’s iodine, ethyl liquor, and safranin.Before the Gram stain is performed we should make two bacterial smears of the two examples. We set one circle of refined water on a perfect slide aseptically. He moved the example from the agar incline that contained the yellow development and put it on the slide with the water and delicately combined it in a round movement roughly the size of a nickel. He let the smear air dry for one moment and tenderly warmth fixed it by rapidly going the slide through the fire 3-5 times with a garments pin. The equivalent aseptic exchange and Gram stain strategy was performed on the agar incline that contained the beige specimen.After we effectively played out the bacterial smear, we began the Gram Stain methodology. The initial phase in the Gram stain technique is flooding the bacterial smear with precious stone violet and letting it sit for one moment. After the precious stone violet has set we washed the reagent off with refined water. Next, we overwhelmed the bacterial smear with Gram’s Iodine for one moment. After we let the Gram’s Iodine set we washed the Gram’s Iodine off of the slide tenderly with refined water. The following stage in the Gram stain technique contained 95% Ethyl alcohol.Drop by drop we let the liquor run onto the stain until the shade of the stain was practically clear. After this progression we flushed off the liquor with refined water by and by. The subsequent stage in concluding the Gram stain method is counterstaining the smear with safranin for 45 seconds. When the counterstain has set we flushed the stain tenderly one final time with refined water and utilized bibulous paper to blotch dry the stain. After we finished the Gram stain strategy we took a gander at both Gram stain’s under a light magnifying instrument at 100X with drenching oil. The means in setting up the light magnifying instrument are very simple.First we connected the magnifying lens and turned it on, second we ensured the light force has been balanced and the stage is right down. At that point we put the slide on the stage and cut it into place and raised the stage as far as possible up with the course change handle. We ensured the target focal point is begun at 4X otherwise called the examining objective. While we were glancing through the oculars we gradually brought down the phase until we could see our example. It was not satisfactory so with the fine change handle we dismissed the handle from us and fine engaged the example until we could see it much clea rer.Then we change the target focal point to 10X and again turned the fine change handle away from us until the example became more clear. We recollected to not contact the course change handle once we have moved away from the checking target focal point or we would lose our example. After we saw our example clear under 10X, we turned the target focal point to 40X and turned the fine change handle until we indeed observed a reasonable example through the oculars. When we saw the example under 40X we turned the target focal point somewhere in the range of 40X and 100X, this is the place we utilized submersion oil only.We didn't bring down the phase to put oil drenching on the stage or our example would be gone. We utilized oil submersion is so there because path for light to escape through the slide, and the 100X target focal point. It is utilized as a bit of glass that doesn't allow the light to twist and refract, so the picture of our example is seen even more clear than previously . We place two drops of inundation oil on the slide and turned the target focal point right to 100X and slid the goal to and fro two or multiple times through the oil that way it is secured totally and there were no air bubbles.Using the fine change handle we discovered our example indeed and it was more clear than at any other time. We have discovered your example. Under the magnifying instrument the yellow example we recolored was a purple gram positive stain with a quadruplicate course of action. The beige life form we Gram recolored was a pink gram negative stain with no course of action. When we were finished with this piece of the trial we chose as a gathering that the following test we expected to run was the Carbohydrate Fermentation test. The purpose behind picking this test was so we would have the option to decide whether the life form can corrupt and age starches with the creation of corrosive and gas.After finding our examples we brought down the stage and removed the s lide from the stage a cleaned the 100X oil target focal point with Kym wipes. We turned the target focal point back to 4X, the examining objective, and killed the magnifying instrument. On October 21, 2010 the Lactose Carbohydrate Fermentation test was recently chosen and arranged for the week earlier so as to lessen the likelihood of our living beings. We performed aseptic procedure while moving our obscure living beings which comprised of playing out these recently idealized strides to guarantee that our tests be inoc

Assess the Impact of a Political Environment on International Business Essay

Survey the Impact of a Political Environment on International Business - Essay Example The noteworthiness of legislative issues is significantly more in worldwide business in light of the fact that the political framework changes from nation to nation. Motivation behind the investigation: According to (Batler 1998), a business element ought to consistently consider political hazard since it is straightforwardly identified with the speculation, cost, charge structure and the arrival from that nation. Keillor et al (2005) likewise have comparable feeling. They conceded legislative issues as a risk to global activity. Foundation of the investigation: A contextual investigation on Bangaladesh, a creating nation can be refered to here. The World Bank has estimated the GDP development of Bangladesh at 5.7 percent for the financial year 2014.This is path beneath the development conjecture 7.2 percent, done by the Bangladesh government itself. As indicated by World Bank, the purposes for the more slow development are political turmoil, settlement emergency and issue in pieces of clothing area. Settlement is a policy centered issue and articles of clothing is re-appropriated business, so again a policy driven issue) 1. General political vulnerability: Though the ordinary political flimsiness isn't considered as a difficult issue yet on the off chance that the vulnerability expands it hurts the business development. Giving the case of Africa Frynas (1998) referenced that, political insecurity of Africa is the principle hindrance for financial turn of events. 2. Possession hazard: If the administration assumes control over a personal business or goes for seizure then the private proprietors may lose its proprietorship. These circumstances are named as nationalization or protectionism of business. 3. Operational Risk: Government approaches of the nation where the business is working issues a ton. The accessibility of account, cost structure, charge structure, purchasing of property, human asset methodology, promoting strategy everything is subject to the administration approach. Korrin (1979) communicated his anxiety on account of political impact in business dynamic procedure pr arranging. In much

Comparative Essay of Donne and W;t - Literature Essay Samples

Existential quandaries remain ingrained within the human condition, where superficial evasions by intellectualizing such concerns are eventually addressed by universal values of humility and compassion within contextual constructs. When confronted by death, the notion of wit postures as a mechanism to disguise insecurities, with mortal suffering allowing the edification to renounce pride and form genuine emotional bonds. Although composed in vastly differing contexts, John Donne’s 17th century metaphysical poems and Margaret Edson’s late 20th century postmodern play W;t, retain significance through examining mortal fears to approach the spiritual processes necessary to gain acceptance of death. In an attempt to mask the omnipresent fear of mortality, intellectualism allows individuals to gain a sense of control over immutable existential anxieties. Revered during the Age of Discovery, Donne’s employment of wit within his 17th century poetry serves to condone God’s arbitrary judgement, arguing the finality of death to offer solace of the afterlife. Within Death be not Proud, Donne circumvents the capabilities of death through the condescending apostrophe in the metaphysical conceit of sleep, ‘Die not, poor death nor yet canst thou kill me,’ depicting death as a transition into the spiritual afterlife, subverting longstanding apprehension towards human transience within Protestant scripture. Donne furthers the disempowerment of death in If Poisonous Minerals, engendering a prideful veneer through the argumentative structure in the biblical allusion, ‘if serpents envious cannot be damned,’ coupled with the rhetorical question, ‘why should I be?’ denoting Donne’s fear of damnation, implying inherent human qualities should not impede personal redemption. Similarly, despite composition in a secular context, Edson’s W;t explores how Vivian utilizes her academic prowess to conceal her impending demise during her taxing chemotherapy treatment. Paralleling Donne’s faà §ade of intellect, Vivian’s ironic hyperbole describing how she knew, ‘all about life and death. I am†¦a scholar of Donne’s Holy Sonnet,’ establishes how the theoretical comprehension of death within her research-oriented milieu has hindered the ability to grasp the complexities of mortality as a tangible human emotion. Emphasizing the use of intellectualism to obscure mortal vulnerabilities, Vivian’s repetition when getting tested, ‘I have a Ph.D.’ conveys the use of academia to perpetuate a sense of hubris compensating for the fear regarding a terminal illness. Hence, th e attempt to rationalize the abstract of death as a panacea for mortal suffering provides a temporary patronizing sense of certainty. Moreover, potent confrontations with mortality force personal self-effacement, where an initial defense of arrogance is eroded by introspection, inciting subsequent redemption. The contextual Christian notions of suffering as penance is exemplified as Donne argues for God’s absolution in Hymn to God, My God, in My Sickness, through the allusion to Jesus, ‘by these his thorn, give me his other crown,’ metaphorically representing the need to reconcile one’s sins through physical hardships. Donne renounces any skepticism of death in This is my Playes Last Scene, through the apostrophe to God, ‘impute me righteous, thus purg’d of evil,’ inferring the disavowal towards a supercilious stand towards God’s judgement, capturing contextual value for repentance to mitigate trauma within the Jacobean afterlife. Contrastingly, in W;t, Edson portrays Vivian’s suffering as a conduit for reflection to denounce her previous hubris. Provokin g a renunciation of academic arrogance, the dramatization of Vivian’s physical pain through the stage direction, ‘writhing †¦ screaming †¦ cries,’ coupled with Vivian’s reflective tone after talking to Jason, ‘I wish I had given him an A,’ evokes a sense of regret, alluding to Donne’s recognition of physical suffering to resolve personal flaws, conveying the need to rectify sins to gain closure before the insuperability of death even within a secular context. Additionally, capturing the inability of theoretical concepts to console individuals facing death, the use of intertextuality when EM reads, ‘The Runaway Bunny,’ where the simplicities of the books symbolize how ephemeral suffering helps Vivian to reject her pride, realizing the necessity for genuine connection to attune to the inevitability of death. Thus, both texts highlight how the process of personal reappraisal when facing mortality catalyses in a spiri tual metamorphosis, promoting religious or moral salvation contingent on a theological or humanistic context. Furthermore, embracing death engenders the re-examination of prior relationships to understand inherent need for connection to aid in personal fulfillment. Realizing the capacity for spiritual connection in A Valediction: forbidding mourning, Donne’s conceit describing love as, ‘stiff twin compasses are two,’ explores the metaphysical synchronization of love, accentuating how intrinsic bonds transcend temporal displacement. Donne reinforces how these human connections reduce apprehension towards death in the humbling metaphor, ‘let us melt, and make no noise,’ suggesting a burgeoning acceptance of death facilitated by the fulfillment of a compassionate symbiotic relationship. However, Edson conveys how the innate desire for interpersonal relationships exacerbates Vivian’s existential anxiety due to the scholarly austerity that initially isolated her. Despite highly valued within the information era, Edson conveys how academic rigor is not analo gous to self-worth in Vivian’s anaphora when contemplating her life, ‘now is a time for simplicity. Now it is time for †¦ kindness,’ alluding to the emotional gratification embedded within the human condition. Similar to Donne’s representation of relationships to calm tensions regarding mortality, the stage direction, ‘[Vivian unwraps [the popsicle] and breaks it in half],’ metaphorically represents the enlightening comprehension towards the necessity of simple personal bonds, that triumphs over the restrictive medical ethics in Vivian’s depersonalised context, to harmonise with the otherwise unpalatable reality of death. Therefore, both texts underscore the universal need for connection during peak individual insecurities when approaching death to provide a sense of salvation. Ultimately, the rationalisation of mortality consistently proves futile in contextual variances, with suffering and genuine human connections catalyzing an enlightened embrace of death. Donne and W;t recognize the necessity to dismantle intellectual wit, undergoing a didactic process to surrender one’s pride, resulting in a humbling acceptance of death.

Anti Abortion informative outline - 1025 Words

Title: (The slaughter of Innocence) Specific Purpose: (To inform as well as advocate readers, Mostly Women, and Mothers on why it is unethical and it is not ever right to destroy a life. Most importantly, is to convince women why abortion should be illegal. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: (Abortion; a new generation’s way of shrugging off responsibility of their action at the cost of Human life.) B. Tie to the audience: According to the 1st Amendment to the constitution that says we have the right to freedom of speech. I’m sure most of us would agree to the fact that we can say and do what we want and choose. For it is our choice to voice our opinions. In relation, mothers then should have the right to have an abortion for†¦show more content†¦vi. These methods include dilation and Evacuation (DE), Salt Poisoning (Saline Injection), Prostaglandin Chemical Abortion, and dilation and Extraction (DX). (Transition): C. Although there are arguments from both sides against and in favor of abortion, I find there to be more sensible reasons and argument against abortion, supporting why having abortion is a wrong and evil act that should be illegal. i. Religion wise, abortion offends God himself and his creation. It is murder and a sin to kill what breaths life and grows. ii. From creation of a cell, it automatically becomes life from the start of conception. What defines who the child will be is already within its genetics, even though the unborn might not yet resemble a human being. (Transition): a. Final Review: i. I have given you the knowledge on the history of abortion. ii. I have explained the types of abortion and the different methods that abortion can be practiced. iii. I have informed you several great reasons and arguments as to why abortion is murder and is wrong to be practiced. Also, provided strong points as to why it should be illegal. b. Restate thesis: From the knowledge of the meaning of abortion and its history to the variety of methods of its practices, ending with the reasons as to why it is unacceptable for it to be practiced, and why abortion should be passed as illegal. c. Tie back to theShow MoreRelatedNoughts and Crosses14387 Words   |  58 PagesR18, SpL9 OHT: 14a RG: pp. 14–15 15 Evaluating the text Judge how appropriate Noughts and Crosses has been for class reading Use informative and persuasive language to promote a novel or give reasons for not promoting it AF4: Structure AF6: Writer’s purposes Y9: R18, Wr13 WS: 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d RG: pp. 15–16 NAVIGATOR Section/ Chapter Plot outline Prologue Meggie McGregor (a nought) and her employer, Jasmine Hadley (a Cross), watch their children, Callum and Sephy, play togetherRead MoreSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 Pagescoerce. However, Christians aim at complete imposition as stated by Presbyterian Rev. 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The Achievement Of Desire By Richard Rodriguez - 1412 Words

People have different opinions on the importance and meaning of literate arts. Literate arts are significant, but not mandatory. It is crucial for everyone to understand how it attributes towards the outside environment. Literate arts is a way for individuals to express and understand themselves through different forms of writing- like stories, poems, etc. Literate arts are good for promoting the development of aesthetic sensibility, using sentimental and cognitive responses- which leads to precise critical reasonings. In Richard Rodriguez’s essay, â€Å"The Achievement of Desire,† he informs the readers how education became the essential meaning of his life. He established how remorseful he was for neglecting his parents for education and to the extent of disapproving his lowly-educated parents. â€Å"At home, life was less noising than it had been. (I spoke to classmates and teachers more often each day than to family members.) Quiet at home, I sat with my papers for hours each night. I never forget that schooling had irretrievably changed my family’s life† (Rodriguez, 519). Rodriguez would pile up on books and neglect his family as a form of escape. His education formed a thin line between homework and readings with his family. He felt as if he didn’t belong with his family because they have no connections to each other. He was stuck in his own world where nothing but education mattered to him the most. In Richard Miller’s essay, â€Å"The Dark Night of the Soul,† he uses otherShow MoreRelatedThe Achievement Desire Richard Rodriguez2086 Words   |  9 Pagesrelate closely to Richard Rodriguez in â€Å"The Achievement Desire† because he faced many struggles that I too faced as a young girl. My parents always pressured me to work hard at school, I was always suppose to have my homework for Monday done by Friday night, which made me so mad at my parents. 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Challenges Faced by the Nurses

Question: What are the acute challenges faced by the nurses in working with people over sixty-five years from linguistically and culturally diverse backgrounds? Answer: Background The Society of Australia is pluralistic with various traditions and values. Thus, the healthcare sector has classified the patients from the non-English backgrounds as the patients belonging from the linguistically and culturally diverse backgrounds and specifically includes the migrant and indigenous backgrounds. The healthcare sector of Australia can be strongly identified as Anglo-centric and the Anglo-Australian background dominates the practice of nursing (Johnstone et al. 2016). Therefore, there exist the chances of dual ethnocentrism between the patients and the nurses that make the care provision for the patient-nurse encounters difficult. It is quite frustrating and challenging for the experiences of the nurses and it is quite difficult for the nurses to deal with the culturally and linguistically diverse aged patients (Eliopoulos 2013). The specific and acute challenges experienced by the nurses are language barriers, quality care delivery, bureaucratic system of healthcare , client-nurse relationships, dealing with the patient family and personal stress. Acquiring the cultural knowledge is regarded as intrinsic for caring for the patients who are culturally diverse (Adebayo, Durey Slackà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Smith 2016). This can be done by identification of the sources of cultural knowledge in the workplace and includes the sources like bilingual colleagues and health workers, the patients and their families with the support persons, who can significantly help in acquiring the bilingual knowledge (Deegan and Simkin 2010). The present review protocol deals with the acute challenges faced by the nurses in working with the people aged over 65 years from linguistically and culturally diverse background and will include a systematic review of relevant literature. Research Question What are the acute challenges faced by the nurses in working with people over sixty-five years from linguistically and culturally diverse backgrounds? A research question typically helps to center and guide a research program. Therefore, it has to be focused and clear and should include the synthesizing of the various resources for presentation of the argument. Formulation of a research question should include the conduction of preliminary research for obtaining an overview of the topic, based on the peer-reviewed journals and periodicals. For the formulation of the question, PICO framework has been used in this review protocol. The PICO framework is implemented in the evidence-based practice for framing questions that are related to healthcare (Fruijtier et al. 2014). It is also utilized for developing the strategies of the literature search. The acronym of PICO has been summarized below. P Population or patient I Intervention C Comparison O Outcomes Well-focused questions are essential for searching the relevant evidence and identification of the appropriate resources. Therefore, PICO framework helps to identify the main elements related to the question and makes the question statement relevant (Hruby et al. 2016). In the present review protocol, the comparison part is ignored due to the lack of its scope. Thus, the framework used in this protocol is PIO framework, considering only the patient/ population, intervention and outcome. The PIO acronyms used for this protocol have been summarized below. P Patients over 65 years of age / Communication challenges of nurses I Cultural competencies O Effective patient care Developing the research question had the primary concept of development of a research hypothesis. Predictions were made regarding examination of the research phenomenon that forms the foundation of the research. Hypothesis helps to make specific predictions about the direction and nature of the relationship that exists between two different variables. For drafting the research question in the present protocol, insight was given to the research hypothesis that stated the acute challenges that the nurses face on a daily basis while working with the geriatric patients. The measurable and testable parameters of the proposed parameters were analyzed that included the patients with culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Finally, the staff experience was taken into consideration that drafted the final question, conjugating the other two hypotheses and resulted in the research question stating What are the acute challenges faced by the nurses in working with people over sixty-fiv e years from linguistically and culturally diverse backgrounds?. Importance of Research Question Interest in a particular topic initiates the process of research. However, the subject familiarity defines the appropriate research question. The deficit of the perceived knowledge raises the question within the field of study and the investigational research defines the importance of the research question. It is important to know the boundary between the ignorance and the perceived knowledge that helps to determine the clinical uncertainties rationalizing the importance of the research question. In the present research protocol, the importance of the research question lies in the fact that it helps to determine the acute challenges faced by the nurses while caring for the geriatric patients with diverse backgrounds. According to the health service framework for the older people in Australia, it has been found that one out of five of the geriatric population in Australia have been born overseas, primarily in the countries with non-English speaking culture. This statistics is expected to grow further in the future and present challenges for the healthcare service providers in terms of bilingual support requirements and devices that are culturally safe (Johnstone et al. 2016). Due to the greater diversity in the aged population dwelling in Australia, various challenges emerge for the nurses that are influenced by the individual health goals and appropriate responses. The specific challenging factors include the spiritual, environmental, cultural, social, emotional and economic that interweaves across the different health profiles in various ways for influencing the behavior of the patients, including their families and determines the role of the nurses in providing care and support treatment. The s ocietal wellbeing of the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders have to be taken into consideration as well for ensuring culturally safe and respectful care to the aged patients of this population (SA Health, 2016). The challenges that the nurses face for caring for the geriatric patients of diverse backgrounds involve the patients along with their families. The primary challenges include assessment, communication, working limitations with the interpreters and holistic care provision. Education and confidentiality are the issues that were related to the patients. Visiting and aggression were the issues with the families. Types of health workers who are bilingual, commitment of the health officials and organizational flexibility are the issues with the healthcare system (Deegan and Simkin 2010). The commitment willingness and the provision of culturally congruent care are the keys to the care of the culturally diverse patients. Nurses possess a stereotypical view of the cultural group of the patient and consider that a culturally diverse patient is just like any other patient (Johnstone et al. 2016). On the other side, some perceive them as separate individuals and not as the members of culturall y diverse societies with certain beliefs, lifestyles and values. Trans-cultural nursing aids to improve the cultural competence of the nurses for the care of the patients with diverse backgrounds. Experience can help the nurses in this aspect by building knowledge within the care episodes by facing variable challenges (Bourgeault et al. 2010). Education has to be adequate with proper training towards the development of understanding and knowledge for caring the culturally diverse patients. Search Strategy The strategy of search initiates with the searching of a database where data is collected in an organized pattern. The available data is organized reality aspects of a model supporting the processes that require information gathering. In the present protocol, data was collected from the database of PubMed, which is a free search engine and access the MEDLINE database of abstracts and references. The United States National Library of Medicine maintains the database in association with the National Institutes of Health for retrieval of information. Identification of the keywords is the next step of search strategy and it is used for searching the keywords. The present protocol utilized PIO strategy for the database search string and its implementation. Suitable keywords were used in various combinations as per the framework to search the database and extract the research articles required for answering the research articles. Relevant keywords were identified using the PIO framework and it helped extensively for combining the relevant search terms of the research articles. Boolean operators are the connecting words that are placed in between the terms of search to expand or narrow the search. The Boolean operators used for the search are OR, NOT and AND. OR helps to find the citations that contain either of the keywords that are specific. AND helps to find the citations that contain all of the keywords that are specific. NOT helps to find the citations that contain the keywords that are specific. Search string is a stepwise guide to using the Boolean operators and keywords for searching the selected database. Search strings like * and ? have been used on a trial and error basis for searching the relevant articles. Truncation was used for broadening the search process as it identifies the word variations. The symbols used for search were *, ? and $ as nurs* for retrieving nurse and nurses. Abbreviations used in the search process was CLD for culturally and linguistically diverse. Wildcards were used for trying different spellings for a word like patient skin colour and color were searched with the ? symbol. These were all implemented on a trial and error basis but could not retrieve relevant search results. Table 1: Searched Keywords P Population / Problem I Intervention O Outcome Geriatric patients Linguistically diverse Culturally diverse Acute challenges Communication challenges Cultural competency Linguistic competency Professional ethics Nursing knowledge Moral values Patient care Effective care Patient compliance Patient satisfaction Respect and dignity A detailed account of the search strategy and the results has been provided in the appendix. Results The relevant research articles retrieved using the search keywords have been provided below. Duffy, S., Jackson, F., Schim, S., Ronis, D. Fowler, K. 2006, "Cultural concepts at the end of life",Nursing older people,vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 10. Dobbs, D., Baker, T., Carrion, I.V., Vongxaiburana, E. Hyer, K. 2014, "Certified nursing assistants' perspectives of nursing home residents' pain experience: communication patterns, cultural context, and the role of empathy",Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses,vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 87. Mager, D.R. Grossman, S., 2013. Promoting Nursing Students' Understanding and Reflection on Cultural Awareness with Older Adults in Home Care.Home Healthcare Now,31(10), pp.582-588. Thyli, B., Athlin, E. Hedelin, B. 2007, "Challenges in community health nursing of old migrant patients in Norway - an exploratory study",International journal of older people nursing,vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 45-51. Yeo, T.P., Phillips, J., Delengowski, A., Griffiths, M. Purnell, L. 2011, "Oncology Nursing: Educating Advanced Practice Nurses to Provide Culturally Competent Care", Journal of Professional Nursing,vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 245-254. Article No. Reference Study Design Population P Intervention I Outcomes O Tutor Comment 1. Duffy et al. (2006) The study design constitutes of Survey questionnaire that was structured with open ended questions. Survey conducting nurses with five ethnic groups of patients (Arab Christians, Arab Muslims, Hispanics, White and Black ) in the US in 10 focus groups of geriatric patients Examination of the ethnic and racial preferences among the older patients and the influence of the nursing intervention. Nurses face acute challenges and dilemma while caring for the geriatric patients from various backgrounds as they had problem in understanding the preferences of patients regarding end life situation. Arabs had problem using the word death and cancer. Women believed that cultural differences were related to the end of life care. Hispanic women were against pulling of plug and preferred extensive medical intervention. However, Hispanic and Arab men preferred assisted dying. Women among Arab Christians were against nursing homes and men were mostly into spiritual life. Black women did not support assisted suicide but black men did. White men wanted antibiotics, feeding tubes, CPR, dialysis but were against life support system. 2. Dobbs et al. (2014) In this study the research design used was Qualitative study. Group session was conducted. Approach used was content analysis where data was analyzed by the use of use of Atlas.ti version 6.2. Respondents constitute of 28 nurses in 4 focus groups with 6 8 participants in each group. Inclusion criteria were English speaking and employed for greater than 3 months. Communication patterns between the nurses and the older residents of varied ethnicity and race with the personal experience of the nurses. How does race and ethnicity impact pain experience of NH residents was investigated. Other things were if residents can accurately report their pain experience. Cultural and linguistic factors directly affect the beliefs of the nurses for pain treatment for the older residents. Cultural influence was observed both in staff and nurse. Patient centered approach is appropriate if it is culturally competent. The continuum of diversity awareness is cultural competence. The Spiritual and religious belief effect the preference of pain management. Emotional, sensory, and cognitive impairment, lack of standardized assessment tools, side effects of drugs, and lack of knowledge about pain and ways to reduce it are indicators for which NH residents are at greater risk of unmanaged pain. Cognitive and emotional empathy help in pain management. CNAs have perception that the residents highly rely on pain medication due to lack of knowledge of treatment methods or plans and medication options. Close relation with the resident was the only effective way to recognize and assess residents pain. 3. Mager Grossman (2013) The research designed used Qualitative analysis. In this study focused case studies, self-reflective writing activities simulations, were included. Cases and simulations were designed in a way that depicts patients living at home with a variety of demographic characteristics, such as health history, age, family involvement, religion, dietary preferences, culture, marital status, and socioeconomic status. Respondents constitute of 114 nursing students with 59 junior and 55 senior nursing students. Question-based research was carried out to collect the experience of the nursing students regarding cultural competence. In this study, the strategies that encourage reflection capacity of the students on cultural awareness were examined. Summing up the student experiences for the challenges of cultural competency and improving their knowledge for their future profession. In both the groups of students who participated in this study the Levels of reflective writingimproved using the N. Hatton and D. Smith's (1995) framework. 4. Thyli, Athlin Hedelin (2007) The research design used in this study was Exploratory study. Survey questionnaire. The questions were based on experiences related to nursing older people as well as on the literature review based on trans-cultural nursing From the questionnaire Data were collected. Questions were structured containing open-ended questions.18 nurse managers were involved to answer. The data analysis was descriptive. Respondents constitutes of 22 nurse managers involved in nursing practice. Only 18 nurses responded the questionnaire. All were females trained in Norway. Study was conducted in medium-sized Norwegian community. Intervention includes Exploration of the perception of the nursing managers involved in the care of culturally diverse geriatric patients in northern western countries. Identify the challenges faced by these nurses while caring for this group of patients. Overall findings say that community care for non western migrant patients were deficient. According to the findings, leadership and organizational issues were factors affecting the multicultural care. Older migrants lacked a knowledge of health care Additionally, nurses has withdrawn attitude towards older patients showing a lack of responsibility in their care. The major issue identified in this study is less awareness and knowledge related to cultural issues. Nurses lacked cultural care assessments. Language barriers have been identified as the most important and difficult problem in the patient nurse relationship. It greatly affected the communication and nursing assessment. Other problems include lack of family involvement in care which greatly impacts the recovery process. There is a need for development due to lack of cultural competencies. Challenges can be managed with increased responsibility, action and competencies. Nurses require attending trans-cultural courses. 5. Yeo et al. (2011) Systematic literature review The population in this study includes Advanced practice nurses providing cancer care to the geriatric patients of diverse cultural and linguistic background. Decision making for cancer care is influenced by the cultural belief systems Requirement of nursing education program for addressing the needs of the geriatric cancer patients from diverse ethnicity. Significant disparities related to cancer were observed in diverse population. The reasons were from inadequate funding, less knowledge of disease symptoms among patients due to poor educational attainment. Nurses from different backgrounds (racial, cultural and ethnic) should be employed to provide care for cancer patients, due to rapidly changing U.S. population demographics. Nurses prepared in oncology educational programs are needed to address the requirements of critical patients of care. The outcome is the need of promoting and sustaining advanced practice nurses. Discussion The present research protocol has broadened my understanding of evidenced based practice for nursing. Writing a research question and identification of the related articles has helped me immensely in understanding of the challenges of the nursing profession. This protocol has helped me to learn the ways to deal with the challenges faced by the nurses in acute care and long-term settings for the care of the culturally diverse geriatric patients. In addition to this, I have learned the procedures of database search using the key features of truncation, abbreviation, wildcard and Boolean. I developed a clear knowledge of the inclusion and exclusion process of the key search words and determining the relevancy of the searched literature. My understanding has deepened and my skills have enhanced regarding the search string for the literature that describes the nursing care profile for the transcultural patients and their families. Experiences of the nurses with the culturally and linguistically diverse patients sought for the knowledge required to provide care oriented around an individual and stereotypical perspective. The nurses faced a number of challenges and dilemma with patients as well as their families while working with these patients (Warburton, Bartlett Rao 2009). For accommodating the patients who are culturally diverse, it was considered that sufficient knowledge and training is required regarding the culture and belief of the patients. To prepare the future nursing professionals to face this challenges effectively, they should be exposed to the present situation and train them to make them capable enough to face these acute challenges (Bourgeault et al. 2010). In addition to these, the healthcare system should increase its flexibility, the number of bilingual health workers must be increased and interpreters should be easily accessible. Cultural and linguistic issues come up as barriers to treat ment and care of the geriatric patients and therefore, patient nurse relationship is never built up. Due to the lack of proper communication, there exists a gap in treatment that becomes critical if the geriatric patient is suffering from a long-term disease like cancer (Kalengayi et al. 2012). Nurses possess empathy for the culturally diverse geriatric patients and have a positive attitude towards facing the acute challenges related to patient care. In order to increase the cultural congruence of the patients, the nurses exhibit the willingness to increase their knowledge for learning the cultural diversity (Xiao et al. 2013). They strive continuously to achieve the ability to work within the cultural context of the patient. They work on the efforts to become more culturally knowledgeable and aware that facilitates the interaction with the patient population along with their families. Since this experimental learning took place in various workplaces, there were potentials of spreading of the inaccurate cultural information (Kalengayi et al. 2012). This raised the fact that there is a requirement of staff improvement programs that provided opportunities to the nurses and the nursing managers to discuss the patient care concerns that are culturally diverse. As the global mobility of the patient population increases in the facilities of acute care in Australia, the population has become more ethnically diverse than ever. Nursing staff is required to work with the patients belonging from the diverse cultural and lingual backgrounds, with respect to their own (Komaric, Bedford and van Driel 2012). Therefore, it is becoming increasingly challenging to the nurses to provide acute care to the people who are aged over 65 years and are from linguistically and culturally diverse backgrounds. The identification of the experiences of the nurses for the caring of the aged patients who are culturally diverse in the acute care settings has a significant contribution towards the trans-cultural knowledge of nursing (Hines 2012). The challenges faced by the nurses can be described by the experiences they had while caring for the culturally diverse patients. The experience can be gained by providing care that is oriented around an individual or stereotyp ical perspective (Small et al. 2015). The challenges faced in this situation are multiple and includes the professional and personal issues with the patients, visitors, families and colleagues. References Adebayo, B., Durey, A. Slackà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Smith, L.M., 2016. Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) carers' perceptions of oral care in residential aged care settings in Perth, Western Australia.Gerodontology. Bourgeault, I.L., Atanackovic, J., Rashid, A. and Parpia, R., 2010. Relations between immigrant care workers and older persons in home and long-term care.Canadian Journal on Aging/La revue canadienne du vieillissement,29(01), pp.109-118. Deegan, J. and Simkin, K., 2010. Expert to novice: experiences of professional adaptation reported by non-English speaking nurses in Australia.Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The,27(3), p.31. Eliopoulos, C., 2013.Gerontological nursing. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Fruijtier, S., van Asselen, S., Hettinga, S. Krieckaert, M., 2014. PICO: a framework for sustainable energy design. InGeodesign by Integrating Design and Geospatial Sciences(pp. 55-70). Springer International Publishing. Hines, D., 2012. Cultural competence: assessment and education resources for home care and hospice clinicians.Home Healthcare Now,30(1), pp.38-45. Hruby, G.W., Hoxha, J., Ravichandran, P.C., Mendona, E.A., Hanauer, D.A. and Weng, C., 2016. A data-driven concept schema for defining clinical research data needs.International journal of medical informatics,91, pp.1-9. Johnstone, M.J., Hutchinson, A.M., Rawson, H. % Redley, B., 2016. Assuaging death anxiety in older overseas-born Australians of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds hospitalised for end-of-life care.Contemporary nurse, (just-accepted), pp.1-32. Kalengayi, F.K.N., Hurtig, A.K., Ahlm, C. and Ahlberg, B.M., 2012. It is a challenge to do it the right way: an interpretive description of caregivers experiences in caring for migrant patients in Northern Sweden.BMC health services research,12(1), p.433. Komaric, N., Bedford, S. van Driel, M.L., 2012. Two sides of the coin: patient and provider perceptions of health care delivery to patients from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.BMC health services research,12(1), p.1.

Tsunami Disasters in Okushiri Island

Japan has experienced many disasters that have caused massive loss of property and lives. In 1993, the Hokkaido Nansei-Oki Earthquake Tsunami hit Okushiri Island located to the west of Hokkaido. This disaster was identified as one of the major Tsunamis that have led to destruction of property and lives.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Tsunami Disasters in Okushiri Island specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sources revealed that about 200 people were killed by the raging waters, and property worth about 66 billion Japanese Yen was damaged (Shuto, 2006). Fire outbreaks that resulted from destroyed power lines magnified the losses. Landslides were also rampant owing to the devastating effects of the earthquake. In Okushiri town, 29 people were killed by a landslide when a hotel built under a cliff succumbed to the strong forces of the quake (The Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, 2009). The eart hquake affected residents both economically and psychologically. The incident left many people traumatized for losing both their property and families. In 2004, another tsunami disaster was experienced on the Indian Ocean frontier. It was reported to be greatest in the land since 1900 (Kelman et al., 2006). In fact, it was reported to be the third largest tsunami in the world. Over 227, 000 people lost lives in 11 countries and about 1.7 million others were left homeless (Kelman et al., 2006). Many children died in the waters and fire outbreaks that resulted from faulty power lines and gas pipes. Statistics also showed that more women than men died. Apart from loss of lives, there was massive damage on coastal ecosystems, coastal forests, mangroves, coral reefs, and rock formations. Marine life was adversely affected and many sea animals died due to strong waves, industrial chemicals, and liquid and solid waste. This disaster had far-reaching economic impacts compared to the Japanâ €™s 1993 tsunami in Hokkaido. Several factors contributed to the impact of tsunami disasters. Concerning the 1993 tsunami disaster in Hokkaido Japan, the geographical location of the Onkushiri town was a major factor that multiplied the damages (Shuto, 2006). This area was hit by a tsunami whose tides reached magnitudes of 11 meters in height. As anticipated, the tide washed away buildings and caused massive destruction of coastal structures.Advertising Looking for case study on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Massive destruction of coastal buildings was also attributed to an earthquake that was experienced on the shores of the sea. In addition, fire outbreaks also contributed to the devastating effects of the tsunami (Shuto, 2006). Just as was the case with the 1993 tsunami in Hokkaido, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami had far-reaching economic effects on the economies of affected countries. Geographic al location was one of the factors that contributed to the severity of the impacts. Coastal lands were massively destroyed by high forceful tides (Asian Disaster Preparedness Council, 2005). Vegetation and structures near the coastal waters were swept away. It can be argued that poor planning contributed to negative economic effects after the tsunami. Locating buildings and infrastructure near ocean shores was not a good idea (Asian Disaster Preparedness Council, 2005). In addition, the question of educating and passing information about dangers of tsunami contributed to massive loss of lives. Governments should have issued a warning to coastal residents in order to avert the disaster (Asian Disaster Preparedness Council, 2005). This would have avoided the massive deaths in one way or another. It is the responsibility of meteorological departments to ensure that in cases of threats such as tsunami, notices are issued to residents so that they can relocate before disaster strikes. Th e effects of tsunami in Japan could have been reduced if a well-established land use policy had been developed (Shuto, 2006). Such a policy would have prevented establishment of structures such as buildings on coastal areas that are vulnerable to tsunamis. If such areas have to be developed, strict design standards should be developed and followed to the letter (Shuto, 2006). In addition, increased awareness on tsunami risks could as well have reduced the number of deaths in the disaster. The government should also construct barriers along the coastline to protect land from rising tides. Similar mitigation or preventive procedures could have been used during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Establishment of strict building codes in areas that are exposed to tsunami inundation would have prevented massive destruction of buildings and other infrastructure (Kelman et al., 2006). It could as well have prevented destruction of power lines that caused fire outbreaks.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Tsunami Disasters in Okushiri Island specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Oil pipelines should be removed from these places as a precautionary measure in order to reduce the possibility of fire outbreaks that result from broken fuel and gas pipes when quakes and tsunamis strike (UNESCO, 2006). Stringent land management policies would have prevented establishment of residential and business premises near seashores, and this would have averted the massive loss of lives. Enhanced public awareness both before and during the tsunami would have given people time to prepare and evade the disaster (Kelman et al., 2006). Governments in tsunami-prone areas should consider establishing warning systems that will alert people when such disasters strike or when they are about to occur. References Asian Disaster Preparedness Council. (2005). Social and Economic Impact of  December 2004 Tsunami. Web. Kelman, I., Spe nce, R., Palmer, J., Petal, M., and Saito, K. (2008). Tourists and disasters: lessons from the 26 December 2004 tsunamis. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 12(3), 105-113. Shuto, Nabuo. (2006). Damage and Reconstruction at Okushiri Town Caused by the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-Oki Earthquake Tsunami. Journal of Disaster Research, 2(1), 44-45. The Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. (2009). EM-DAT: The  OFDA/CRED International disaster database. Web. UNESCO. (2006). Five Years after the Tsunami in the Indian Ocean – from Strategy to  Implementation. Advancements in global early warning systems for tsunamis and other ocean hazards. Web.Advertising Looking for case study on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This case study on Tsunami Disasters in Okushiri Island was written and submitted by user Stephanie Harvey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.